Development of Tabanus nipponicus (Diptera: Tabanidae) confirmed by laboratory rearing

The immature development of Tabanus nipponicus was studied by laboratory-rearing. Total duration of oviposition-to-emergence was 337 +- 15 days (mean +- SD) in males and 364 +- 20 days in females. The number of larval instars ranged from five to seven, on average six in both sexes. The incubation period of eggs was three to five days. Eggs hatched simultaneously from the same egg-mass. Larvae attained the last instar in autumn. The developmental time of last instar including hibernation averaged 281 +- 13 days in males and 310 +- 26 days in females over three quarters of the whole immature period. Pupal duration averaged 14 +- 3 days in both sexes. Male adults emerged from mid June to late July and females from early July to early September. This species was univoltine.