Use of deer models to study larviposition by wild nasopharyngeal bot flies (Diptera: Oestridae).

In California, deer models baited with carbon dioxide and with CO2 plus 1-octen-3-ol and Deer Trail Scent attracted and induced females of Cephenemyia apicata and C. jellisoni to larviposit on them. Larvae were not deposited on unbaited models. Females of both species were seen at baited models, and an insect trapping adhesive (Stikem Special or Tangle Trap) applied to the nostrils, muzzle and lips of models revealed that all larvae were stuck to the lips and bottom part of the muzzle. The models also attracted and caught most other parasitic Diptera (e.g. Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, Culicidae, Rhagionidae, Tabanidae and Muscidae) known to attack California black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in the study area.