A review of the South American species of Esenbeckia subgenus Esenbeckia (Diptera: Tabanidae).

A key and descriptions are provided for 52 South American species and subspecies recognised as valid in the subgenus Esenbeckia of the tabanid genus Esenbeckia; 10 are here described as new species, and 15 species are synonymised. The key is based solely on the females, as males of only 15 species are known. No larvae of this subgenus are known. The adults of some species have been recorded biting horses, cattle and man.